Abstract This work aimed to investigate the physicochemical and functional composition of bee pollen produced in different municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil (RN) and commercial samples produced in other places. To perform these experiments, samples of dehydrated bee pollen were crushed and subjected to physicochemical evaluation, instrumental color, fatty acid profile, evaluation of the presence of bioactive compounds [Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC), carotenoids] and antioxidant activity (reduction of DPPH radical). The pH of the pollen samples varied from 4.55 to 5.08, the protein from 19.01% to 29.71%, and the ash from 2.44% to 4.27%. All pollen samples showed a yellowish-red hue (a* and b* positive), and the pollen produced in Touros/RN/BR stood out with a lighter color (L* = 32.91). The pollen produced in Touros/RN/BR showed a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of saturated fatty acids (41.60%), whereas the pollen collected in Taipu/RN/BR had a higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (7.44%). Pollen samples showed a low concentration of Total Carotenoid Content (TCC) (0.81 to 22.82 µg/g), as well as a high content of TPC (1.79 to 2.28 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (1.40 to 5.70 µmol TE/g) when compared with the consulted literature. According to the obtained results, we could infer that pollen samples from different locations showed variations in physicochemical composition, coloration, fatty acid profile, TPC and antioxidant activity which reflects the geographic diversity inherent to the production sites.

Abstract The objective of this study was to prepare three donkey milk yoghurt formulations mixed with goat, cow and buffalo milk. The formulations were developed with 50% donkey milk and 50% cow, buffalo or goat milk. Concentrated mango pulp was added for flavouring. An evaluation was performed on the chemical composition of each milk sample and the formulated yoghurts. The donkey milk showed the lowest values for fat, protein, casein, total solids and non-fat solids. In turn, goat milk reached higher levels of fat and total solids. Furthermore, buffalo milk stood out with the highest values of protein and non-fat solids. Yoghurt made with donkey and buffalo milk showed higher concentrations of protein, lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. In contrast, the yoghurt that contained donkey and cow milk in its formulation obtained a higher fat percentage and a lower percentage of lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. The low content of fat and total solids in donkey milk, in addition to the structure of the casein micelles and small fat globules favor low consistency in fermented products. Thus, mixing donkey milk with milks from other animal species can result in better chemical composition and better consistency.

Abstract This study aimed to develop Greek style yoghurts with the addition of bovine colostrum. Four yoghurt formulations were produced with different colostrum content (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The fat, protein, total solids, ash, retinol levels were quantified as well as the colour was measured. A sensory analysis was conducted with 103 untrained panelists, evaluating the attributes of appearance, aroma, consistency, flavour, overall acceptance and the purchase intention. Colostrum addition increased the fat and protein levels in the yoghurt formulations. The Greek style yoghurts with bovine colostrum reached sensory acceptance above 70% for all attributes.

Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the factors which affect the consumption of organic foods enriched with functional properties. The study was developed by investigating the consumer profile of organic and functional foods by applying a questionnaire hosted on the Google Forms® platform (docs.google.com/forms/). The obtained results show that individuals in the age group 31 to 40 years old and those 51 and older, widowed, divorced and inhabitants of the Midwest, Southeast and South regions consume organic food more often. The education level did not influence the willingness to pay more for the purchase of an organic food, the consumption frequency or the interest in consuming organic food with functional potential. The interviewee group had a monthly income of up to R$4,686.00 (In Reais - 5 minimum monthly salaries) and showed a consumption frequency between “almost never” and “sometimes”, while those with an income higher than R$4,686.00 presented between “sometimes” and “often”. Residents of capital cities and from smaller cities showed similar behavior for all variables analyzed. We can conclude that the degree of confidence and the interest in consuming organic foods with functional potential were little influenced by socio-demographic differences.

Abstract The objective of this study was to correlate the gender and behavior of consumers of organic foods enriched with functional properties. The study was carried out by investigating the profile of organic and functional food consumers through the application of a questionnaire. A total of 1230 responses (of the questionnaire) were collected from people from all Brazilian states through social networks and e-mails following the snowball technique during the months of February and March 2017. The results showed that women expressed greater interest in consuming organic foods enriched with functional properties compared to men. Men and women agree that organic food are produced in a sustainable. Their high price, difficult access, irregular supply and availability in few establishments were highlighted as the main limiting factors for not consuming organic food, while an increased motivation (of consumption) was related to the awareness that organic foods are healthier and can improve quality of life. Fruits and vegetables are the most consumed organic foods among men and women, however women consume more functional foods than men. Thus, there are few differences in behavior and eating habits of organic foods between men and women.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence seasons of the year and somatic cell counts (SCC) on physical-chemical and sensory parameters of cow’s milk from individual and collective refrigeration tanks with different milking systems. In addition to analyzing the sensory acceptance of pasteurized milk and coalho cheese developed with high (> 800,000 cells mL-1) and low SCC levels (<200,000 cells mL-1). Seasonality did not affect fat content, casein, lactose, total solids, defatted dry extract and SCC, but lower protein levels than May and June were observed from July to September. Based on the SCC results, milk from refrigeration tanks was classified as low SCC and high SCC. The samples were used to obtain pasteurized milk and coalho cheese which were sensorially evaluated for general appearance, odor and flavor by a panel of untrained tasters using a hedonic scale of 9 points. Pasteurized milk with high and low SCC presented pleasant sensory characteristics to the consumer up until two days of storage. The same behavior was observed for coalho cheese at 20 and 40 days of shelf life, respectively.

Abstract Mozzarella cheese is typically from Italy and consumed in the whole world. The aim of this study was to characterize the manufacture of Mozzarella produced similarly to Italian in a Brazilian dairy industry regarding the milk composition usage, factors involved in the production process, use of raw materials and cheese yield. Was monitored the Mozzarella yield (MY), milk composition, manufacturing of Mozzarella cheese and recovery of whey constituents of 30 lots of Mozzarella cheese in a dairy brazilian industry. Overall, processing reached an adequate MY for this type of cheese, being below 5.0 L kg-1. We find values of 5.93 ± 1.87; 34.97 ± 2.70; 33.39 ± 2.85; 95.04 ± 4.18; 44.02 ± 2.00; and 66.82 ± 3.36 respectively for recovery of fat, protein, casein, lactose, total solids and solids-not-fat in whey. The milk used by the dairy industry had satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. The manufacturing of Mozzarella cheese was efficient.

(Mixobiota de Floresta Atlântica: novas referências de Physarales para o Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil). A ordem Physarales engloba as famílias Elaeomyxaceae, Didymiaceae e Physaraceae, reunindo 16 gêneros e aproximadamente 371 espécies, muitas bem representadas nos Neotrópicos. Um estudo sobre a presença de representantes desta ordem na mixobiota da Floresta Atlântica foi desenvolvido na Área de Preservação Permanente Mata do Pau Ferro, localizada na Mesorregião do Brejo Paraibano (6°58'12' S e 35°42'15' W, 400-650 m.s.m., 600 ha). As coletas foram realizadas entre junho e dezembro de 2005, abrangendo o período chuvoso e o de estiagem, explorando diferentes substratos. Exsicatas representativas do material estudado estão depositadas no Herbário UFP. Dentre as Physarales assinaladas, constituem nova referência para a Paraíba o gênero Fuligo e as seguintes espécies: Diderma hemisphaericum (Bull.) Hornem., Didymium clavus (Alb. & Schwein.) Rabenh., D. nigripes (Link) Fr. (Didymiaceae), Fuligo septica (L.) F. H. Wigg., Physarum echinosporum Lister, P. pulcherrimum Berk. & Ravenel e P. viride (Bull.) Pers. (Physaraceae). São apresentadas descrições de cada espécie, baseadas no material estudado, acompanhadas de comentários e distribuição geográfica no Brasil.

(Atlantic Forest myxomycetes biota: new records of Physarales for the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil). The order Physarales encompasses the families Elaeomyxaceae, Didymiaceae, and Physaraceae, involving 16 genera and approximately 371 species, several of them well represented in the Neotropics. A study on the presence of this order in the Atlantic Forest's myxomycetes biota was carried out in 2005 for the Mata do Pau Ferro Permanent Preservation Area (Área de Preservação Permanente Mata do Pau Ferro - APPMPF), located in the Brejo Paraibano mesoregion (6°58'12' S and 35°42'15' W, 400-650 m.a.s.l., 600 ha). Collections of specimens were undertaken between June and December, encompassing the rainy and dry periods, and exploring different substrates. Representative vouchers of the studied material are deposited in the UFP Herbarium. Among the Physarales found, the genus Fuligo is a new record for the state of Paraíba as are the following species: Diderma hemisphaericum (Bull.) Hornem., Didymium clavus (Alb. & Schwein.) Rabenh., D. nigripes (Link) Fr. (Didymiaceae), Fuligo septica (L.) F. H. Wigg., Physarum echinosporum Lister, P. pulcherrimum Berk. & Ravenel and P. viride (Bull.) Pers. (Physaraceae). Descriptions based on the studied material are presented for each species, along with comments and the species geographic distribution in Brazil.

Como parte do levantamento da mixobiota de Sergipe foram avaliadas a abundância e constância das Trichiales encontradas em diferentes microhabitats e níveis altitudinais no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana (10º40'52"S e 37º25'15"W; 7.966 ha). Dois tipos fisionômicos predominam: florestas úmidas encontradas na margem de riachos e áreas abertas com solos arenosos, cobertos por gramíneas, ciperáceas, cactáceas, bromeliáceas e arbustos. Esporocarpos foram coletados durante dois anos (19 excursões); madeira em decomposição, folhedo, casca de árvores vivas e fezes de Sylvilagus brasiliensis L. foram coletados e montadas 590 câmaras-úmidas. Dez espécies foram identificadas: Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers., A. denudata (L.) Wettst., A. obvellata (Oeder) Onsberg, Hemitrichia calyculata (Speg.) M. L. Farr, H. minor G. Lister, H. serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister, Metatrichia vesparia (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. ex G. W. Martin & Alexop., Perichaena chrysosperma (Curr.) Lister, P. depressa Lib. e Trichia affinis de Bary. Trichiales foram encontradas em todos os microhabitats, predominando as lignícolas e foliícolas. Três espécies fimícolas foram registradas: A. cinerea, H. minor e M. vesparia. As espécies mais constantes e abundantes foram A. cinerea, A. denudata e H. calyculata, as quais foram encontradas em diferentes altitudes (180-670 m). É fornecida a descrição de cada espécie e sua distribuição geográfica no Brasil. A. denudata, A. obvellata, H. calyculata, P. chrysosperma e T. affinis são novas referências para Sergipe, elevando para 58 o número de espécies de Myxomycetes registradas para esse estado.

As part of the survey of the myxobiota of Sergipe, the abundance and constancy of the Trichiales found in different microhabitats and altitudes in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park (10º40'52"S and 37º25'15"W; 7,966 ha) were evaluated. Two physiognomic types predominate: humid forests found at the edge of creeks, and open areas with sandy soils, grasses, sedges, cacti, bromeliads and shrubs. Sporocarps were collected over a two-year period (19 field trips); dead wood, litter, bark and dung of Sylvilagus brasiliensis L. were collected for moist-chamber cultures (590). Ten species were identified: Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers., A. denudata (L.) Wettst., A. obvellata (Oeder) Onsberg, Hemitrichia calyculata (Speg.) M. L. Farr, H. minor G. Lister, H. serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister, Metatrichia vesparia (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. ex G. W. Martin & Alexop., Perichaena chrysosperma (Curr.) Lister, P. depressa Lib., and Trichia affinis de Bary. Trichiales were present in six microhabitats, and lignicolous and foliicolous species were predominant. Three fimicolous species were recorded: A. cinerea, H. minor and M. vesparia. The most constant and abundant species were A. cinerea, A. denudata, and H. calyculata, which were found at different altitudes (180-670 m). Descriptions are given for each species as well as their geographic distribution in Brazil. A. denudata, A. obvellata, H. calyculata, P. chrysosperma, and T. affinis are new records for Sergipe, raising to 58 the number of Myxomycetes species recorded for this state.

OBJETIVO: avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos na reincidência de gravidez na adolescência. MÉTODOS: estudo de coorte que incluiu 187 adolescentes grávidas, atendidas e acompanhadas durante cinco anos após o parto em um serviço de atendimento de adolescentes do Estado do Ceará. Foram analisados: faixa etária, estar ou não estudando, morar com os pais, escolaridade, condição marital e condição do companheiro atual. Os dados foram digitados e analisados no programa EPI-INFO. Foram feitas análises estatísticas das variáveis independentes (idade, escolaridade, estudar, trabalhar, morar com os pais, estado civil e mudança de parceiro) e comparadas quanto à variável dependente (ter ou não uma nova gravidez cinco anos depois). O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para avaliar associação entre os fatores que poderiam influenciar a repetição da gravidez, considerado como tendo associação quando o p<0,05. Foram calculados os riscos relativos para a escolaridade, condição marital e mudança de parceiro por serem fatores que se mostraram significativos para a reincidência de gravidez. RESULTADOS: foi verificado que 61% das adolescentes engravidaram nos cinco anos seguintes ao primeiro parto. Não foram fatores protetores: idade, estudar, trabalhar ou morar com os pais. Entretanto, quando as adolescentes tinham oito anos ou menos de escolaridade, o risco de engravidar quase duplicou (risco relativo (RR)=1,8 (IC95%=1,3-2,6)). Novas gestações foram mais frequentes entre as solteiras sem companheiro estável (RR=1,3 (IC95%=1,1-1,6)) e aquelas que mudaram de parceiro (RR=1,4 (IC95%=1,1-1,7)). CONCLUSÕES: a baixa escolaridade, a mudança de parceiros e uniões não estáveis foram fatores de risco para reincidência de gravidez.

PURPOSE: to evaluate epidemiological aspects in recurrent adolescence pregnancy. METHODS: cohort study including 187 pregnant adolescents attended and followed-up for five years after delivery in an adolescent's attendance service in Ceará state. Age group, being or not at school, living with parents, schooling, marital status and the present partner's condition were analyzed. Data were processed by the EPI-INFO program. Statistical analysis of the independent variables (age, schooling, being at school, having a job, living with parents, marital status and switching partners) was done and compared to the dependent variable (being or not pregnant after five years). The Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the association among factors which could influence the pregnancy recurrence, the association being present when p<0.05. Risks related to schooling, marital status and multiple partners have been calculated, since these were significant factors for pregnancy recurrence. RESULTS: 61% of the adolescents got pregnant in the five years after the first delivery. Factors such as age, school, work or living with parents were not protective. Nevertheless, when the adolescents had eight or less years of schooling, the risk of getting pregnant has almost duplicated (relative risk (RR)=1.8 (CI95%=1.3-2.6)). New pregnancies were more frequent among the single adolescents without a stable partner (RR=1.3 (CI95%=1.1-1.6) and among the ones who had multiple partners (RR=1.4 (CI95%=1.1-1.7)). CONCLUSIONS: low schooling, multiple partners and non-stable bonds were risk factors for pregnancy recurrence.

Como parte do inventário da mixobiota do Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, Sergipe, Nordeste do Brasil (10º40'52''S e 37º25'15''W, 180-670 m.s.m., 7.966 ha), avaliou-se a riqueza, abundância e constância das Stemonitales presentes em diferentes microhabitats e níveis altitudinais. Esporocarpos foram coletados durante 20 meses consecutivos, desde abril/2002 até dezembro/2003; amostras de substratos foram também coletadas para cultivo em câmara-úmida. Coleções do material estudado foram depositadas no Herbário UFP. Foram identificadas 14 espécies de Stemonitidaceae, pertencentes aos gêneros Collaria, Comatricha, Lamproderma, Stemonitis e Stemonitopsis. As espécies foram organizadas em ordem alfabética em uma lista comentada e apresenta-se sua distribuição geográfica no Brasil. Representantes da ordem estiveram presentes em todos os microhabitats analisados, predominando as lignícolas, seguidas das foliícolas. Stemonitis flavogenita foi a única espécie areícola, comportando-se também como suculentícola. Nos cultivos em câmara-úmida, registrou-se uma espécie fimícola (Comatricha mirabilis) e três suculentícolas (Collaria arcyrionema, Comatricha laxa e Stemonitis fusca). As espécies mais abundantes foram S. fusca (constante), Stemonitis smithii, Stemonitis axifera e Stemonitis splendens (acessórias), presentes nos diferentes níveis altitudinais. Exceto C. mirabilis, todos os gêneros e espécies constituem primeira referência para o estado de Sergipe.

As part of a survey of the Myxomycetes biota of the Serra de Itabaiana National Park (Sergipe State, Northeast Brazil; 10º40'52''S and 37º25'15''W; 180-670 m.s.m. 7,966 ha), we evaluated the richness, abundance, and constancy of the Stemonitales found in different microhabitats and height levels. Sporocarps were collected through 20 consecutive months, from April/2002 to December/2003; substrate samples were also collected for moist-chambers cultures. Collections of the material studied were deposited in the UFP herbarium. Fourteen species of Stemonitidaceae were identified, belonging to genera Collaria, Comatricha, Lamproderma, Stemonitis, and Stemonitopsis. The species were organized alphabetically in a commented list where their geographic distribution for Brazil is presented. Stemonitales were present in all of the microhabitats analyzed, and the lignicolous and foliicolous species were predominant. Stemonitis flavogenita was the only areicolous species, and it also behaved as a succulenticolous. During the cultivation in the moist-chambers one fimicolous species was recorded (Comatricha mirabilis), as well as succulenticolous species (Collaria arcyrionema, Comatricha laxa, and Stemonitis fusca). The most abundant species were S. fusca (constant) and Stemonitis axifera, Stemonitis smithii, and Stemonitis splendens (accessory), which were found in the different altitude levels. Except for C. mirabilis, all of the genera and species are first records for the State of Sergipe.

Visando contribuir com informações sobre a diversidade de Myxomycetes em florestas úmidas e savanas Neotropicais, foram inventariadas as espécies de Physarales associadas a diferentes microhabitats no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brasil (10º40'52"S e 37º25'15"W, 180-670 m, 7966 ha). Durante 20 meses consecutivos foram efetuadas coletas de esporocarpos e de amostras de vários tipos de substratos a serem utilizados na preparação de 590 câmaras-úmidas. Coleções representativas do material estudado foram depositadas no Herbário UFP, com duplicatas no herbário MA - Fungi. A abundância e a constância de cada espécie foram determinadas. Apresenta-se uma lista comentada das sete espécies de Didymiaceae e 24 espécies de Physaraceae identificadas e sua distribuição no Brasil. As Physarales estão presentes em todos os microhabitats analisados, esporulando na estiagem e na estação chuvosa; fimícolas e suculentícolas foram registradas apenas em câmara-úmida. As espécies mais abundantes foram Physarum viride (Bull.) Pers., P. stellatum (Massee) G.W. Martin e P. cinereum (Batsch) Pers. Exceto Diachea silvaepluvialis M.L. Farr, P. cinereume Physarum roseumBerk. & Broome, todos os táxons constituem primeira referência para Sergipe. Diderma rugosum (Rex) T. Macbr., Didymium dubium Rostaf. e Physarum pulcherrimum Berk. & Ravenel estão sendo referidas pela primeira vez para o Brasil.

The aims of this study were to obtain data on Myxomycete diversity in Neotropical forests and savannas and to determine the composition of the Physarales species assemblage associated with different microhabitats in Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Sergipe (10º 40'52"S; 37º 25'15"W, 180-670m alt., 7966 ha). During 20 months, sporocarps were collected and samples of substrata obtained for use in 590 moist-chamber cultures. Collections are deposited in the Herbaria UFP and MA - Fungi. The abundance and constancy of each species are given. Seven species of Didymiaceae and 24 species of Physaraceae comprise an annotated list and their distribution in Brazil is presented. Physarales were present in all microhabitats, in the dry and rainy seasons; fimicolous and succulenticolous species were observed only in moist-chamber cultures. The most abundant species were Physarum viride (Bull.) Pers., Physarum stellatum (Massee) G.W. Martin, and Physarum cinereum (Batsch) Pers. Except for Diachea silvaepluvialis M.L. Farr, P. cinereum, and Physarum roseum Berk. & Broome, all the species are new records for Sergipe. Diderma rugosum (Rex) T. Macbr., Didymium dubium Rostaf. and Physarum pulcherrimum Berk. & Ravenel are reported for the first time in Brazil.

A ordem Ceratiomyxales, pertencente à subclasse Ceratiomyxomycetidae, reúne os representantes exosporados dos Myxomycetes, compreendendo apenas a família Ceratiomyxaceae e o gênero Ceratiomyxa, com quatro espécies. Com base na literatura, coleções de herbário e coletas recentes realizadas pelos autores em diferentes estados e ecossistemas, foi possível estabelecer a ocorrência e distribuição na região Nordeste do Brasil de C. fruticulosa, cosmopolita, C. morchella e C. sphaerosperma, predominantemente tropicais ou subtropicais. São apresentadas descrições e ilustrações das espécies, bem como mapa de distribuição geográfica em oito dos nove estados situados no Nordeste do país. A ordem está sendo referida pela primeira vez para o estado de Sergipe. C. morchella e C. sphaerosperma constituem primeira referência para o estado da Paraíba.

Order Ceratiomyxales, which belongs to subclass Ceratiomyxomycetidae, includes the exospore bearing Myxomycetes, solely comprising family Ceratiomyxaceae and genus Ceratiomyxa, with four species. Based on the literature, on herbarium collections, and on recent surveys carried out by the authors in different states and ecosystems, it was possible to determine the occurrence and distribution of C. fruticulosa (cosmopolitan),C. morchella and C. sphaerosperma (predominantly tropical or subtropical) in northeastern Brazil. Species descriptions and illustrations are presented, as well as a map of their geographical distribution in eight of the nine states of Northeast Brazil. This order is being recorded for the first time for the state of Sergipe. Ceratiomyxa morchella and C. sphaerosperma are being cited for the first time for the state of Paraíba.